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Transferring Files from Windows to UNIX – Network White Papers
Unix FTP can be used to transfer files between PC’s and Unix-based file servers. File transfer protocol (FTP) is the network protocol that is used to transfer the files from the PC to the Unix file server over TCP. The Unix file server will need to have an FTP server installed, and the PC will need to have an FTP client installed. The standard port for FTP communication is port 21. IETF RFC 959 outlines the specifications for FTP.
Most FTP clients use an asynchronous method of communication, also referred to as non-blocking FTP. With this method, the FTP Client uses an asynchronous interface to the Windows sockets TCP/IP driver providing the fastest file transfer data rate possible while using a minimal amount of system resources.
Using FTP, Files can be uploaded and downloaded in either ASCII or binary format. Binary files are files where bytes in the file can be any 256 bit pattern. Examples of binary files include zip files, executables, images, and sound files. ASCII files are text-based binary files that can only use the 128 ASCII codes. Each ASCII character has a corresponding hex value and binary value. For example, the hex value for the letter “A” is 61, and the binary equivalent is 0110 0001.
The FTP server on the Unix server can be configured to require usernames and passwords, or to allow anonymous connections. With anonymous access configured, any and all users are able to upload files to and download files from all directories that are configured for public read and write permissions. On Unix servers, the File Manager can be used to set permissions on files and folders so that anonymous users cannot access them. Alternatively, user accounts can be created on the FTP server, assigned a username and password and access permissions applied at the user level.
Secure sockets layer (SSL) can be used for an added layer of security. With standard FTP, data that is transferred between the PC and the Unix server is not encrypted. Using FTP with SSL (FTPS) ensures that the data being transferred is protected from eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery by encrypting the data before transferring it. IETF RFC 4217: “Securing FTP with TLS” outlines the specifications for FTP with SSL/TLS security. According to security standard for FTP, by default SSL encryption is only enabled on the command channel. This means that usernames, passwords and file locations are protected, but the transferred files remain vulnerable. To implicitly protect files that are uploaded and downloaded, the data channel also needs to be encrypted by enabling this configuration option in the FTP client.
Advanced FTP clients also provide additional productivity-enhancing features such as an intuitive GUI, the ability to save and transfer entire lists of files, and the ability to save a list of recently transferred files. A Windows GUI allows users to connect to the Unix server and manipulate the necessary files without having to become accustomed to the Unix interface. Many users transfer a specified list of files on a regular basis, or have the need to upload and download the same file multiple times. In this case, recent and custom file transfer lists can save users a lot of time.
With the popularity of Unix servers on the rise, Unix compatible FTP solutions are becoming increasingly commonplace and continue to expand their feature base. More about Windows, UNIX, and Linux: virtualization software
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Tags: unix
Posted in SQL Server · March 17th, 2010 · Comments (0)
So what is Application Virtualization anyway? That’s a good question. Virtualization is the act of using virtual servers or software, to reduce the amount of physical servers needed to power an organization’s IT infrastructure. With that said, virtualization cuts costs by reducing energy consumption and server room cooling expenses. This article, originally written by Matt Peterson, will explain Application Virtualization and Server Virtualization in full detail. More:
There is a lot of buzz going around about Virtualization. What is Virtualization, and what benefits does it provide? In this article we will take a look at the technology to see how it can provide a great deal of flexibility and cost effectiveness for IT professionals and software developers.
Virtualization technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single host computer. These virtual machines can run different operating systems, such as Windows, Linux and UNIX. Each virtual machine has its own set of virtual hardware resources (e.g., CPU, RAM, Hard Drive, etc) allowing the operating system to run as if it were installed on a physical machine.
The benefits of Virtualization technology are far reaching. Many organizations have moved to the virtual machine solution to consolidate multiple servers, running side by side on a single physical machine. Server consolidation allows IT professionals to fully utilize server resources, while isolating virtual machines and allowing them to run different operating systems and applications. Software developers utilize virtual machine technology to quickly test applications on different operating systems, without the hassle of setting up multiple physical machines for testing or taking the risk of causing problems by testing in a production environment.
You can run Virtualization software on pretty much any platform. Once the software is installed it is simple to create virtual machine instances. Virtual machines are just a set of files located on the host machine. You configure your virtual machine settings on the host computer, install the operating system and you are ready to go. It is a very common practice to use a master image of a virtual machine. This master image can be a fully configured machine, with the operating system and all required applications installed. You can then rapidly deploy virtual machines by copying the master image to multiple Virtualization hosts to provide zero downtime and 100% server availability.
There are a number of Virtualization products available. VMWare, which is probably the most popular, recently announced that it will be releasing a free version of its GSX Server product. This will allow any organization to host virtual machines on either Windows or Linux hosts. Other Virtualization products include Microsoft’s Virtual Server and SWsoft’s Virtuozzo, just to name a few.
Matt Peterson is a Senior Consultant for N2 Network Solutions, a leader in Arizona IT Support, providing IT Outsourcing and VMWare Consulting: n2networksolutions.com
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Tags: information technology
Posted in SQL Server · December 18th, 2009 · Comments (0)