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Why choosing the Atmel’s AVR Microcontroller?
We must first ask ourselves do we need a microcontroller? Looking at the needs, decide whether it can be done by simple means. It requires substantial investment of development, money, and effort to put together a working microcontroller-based system. The rewards are small overheads when upgrading the system with little changes. It also helps to keep the inventory to a relatively low number of elements.
Possible choices are:
1. A dedicated digital circuit,
2. A digital circuit based on a PLD (programmable logic device),
3. A digital circuit based on a FPGA (Field-programmable gate array),
4. An application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) based implementation.
The above-mentioned alternatives to microprocessors are quite similar and differ in only the implementation. A dedicated digital circuit might use discrete ICs for the different logic functions (AND, OR, XOR, etc.) while a digital circuit based on a PLD would be more compact given the programmable nature of a PLD. A PLD contains an array of different logic function blocks, the user selects the required functionality, and the interconnection between these functional blocks at the design level, thereby accomplishing a more integrated and compact solution. A PLD has a substantial amount of hardware, of which only a fraction gets utilized in average applications. The ASIC solution is like a PLD except that it is an optimized implementation.
Whether a certain requirement needs to be accomplished using discrete ICs or PLDs or a microprocessor must be defined by the designer. However, numerous applications could be suitably implemented using microcontrollers, and a great many of them would gain from using the AVR as outlined briefly below.
The AVR features are discussed in details at many web places, but at this point it may be useful to outline the salient features. Atmel’s AVR RISC family of controllers has the following features:
1. RISC architecture with mostly fixed-length instruction, load-store memory access, and 32 general-purpose registers.
2. A two-stage instruction pipeline that significantly speeds up execution.
3. Majority of instructions take one single clock cycle.
4. Up to 10-MHz clock operation.
5. Wide variety of on-chip peripherals, including digital I/O, ADC, EEPROM, Timer, UART, RTC timer, pulse width modulator (PWM), etc.
6. Internal program and data memory.
7. In-system programmable.
8. Available in 8-pin to 64-pin package size to suit wide variety of projects.
9. Up to 12 times performance speedup over conventional CISC controllers.
10. Wide operating voltage from 2.7 V to 6.0 V.
11. A simple architecture offers a small learning curve to the uninitiated.
What does the name AVR stand for? Atmel says that it is just a name. However, AVR looks to have the initials of the individuals who designed the controller.
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Tags: microcontrollers
Posted in Hardware · May 22nd, 2010 · Comments (0)
If you are thinking about operating a fresh sophisticated tool in the construction job, in that case dewalt rotary laser level can be the perfect choice for you. This is a must for each person who is involved in any kind of house improvement. In any kind of construction project, the leveling is essential and through this tool, you can do that efficiently. Here I will express a few facilities of the rotary laser level kits and also the way you can easily apply it to have the features which it offers completely.
To start with, all these rotary lasers are effortlessly accessible from all the equipment shop near your house. So, you can have one for you without any discomfort. Buy one auto leveling type, as that is the best model available. It will increase the accuracy as well as the speed of your work.
yo can fix the rotary laser levels at any position of the room like on the wall or a central point of the room. The tool shows levels both vertically and horizontally by forming continuous thin red laser lines.
The real good feature of the tool is that, it can level itself automatically with the surroundings so that you won’t have to waste your time in leveling it. the previous levels were bubble type and required a lot of time and effort to adjust them and measure the level through them, but now, you will not have to worry about that as the job can be done very quickly. This rotary level always shows you the levels clearly with laser lines as such, the construction work will become more easier for you. The lasers of the tool shows both vertical and horizontal levels perfectly and also adjusts with the surroundings at the time you start it. You can use it to measure large area at once or can measure a small area and then gradually increasing to a larger one. Mark the area using the rotary laser level and then when you are finished doing it, you can turn it off, put it somewhere to cool down and after that pack it in its bag.
As being a sophisticated instrument, it is a delicate instrument and you have to use it very carefully. dropping it or knocking it with something can damage all the internal parts of the tool. Sometimes in construction works, using something with such caution can become real difficult.
The rotary levels that it creates can give you a clear idea about the whole room and with that you can plan where to put what quite comfortably. It is a great device for development and a hundred miles in advance of its ancestors, the bubble-type levels. As a result of its excellent quality, more and more individuals are making use of it today. So, you should buy one for your own as well, and calculate the levels of the development project appropriately.
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Tags: construction
Posted in Hardware · May 17th, 2010 · Comments (0)